Dock leveler

ABSTRACT

A dock leveler includes a pivotally mounted ramp and a lip member pivotally mounted to the distal end of the ramp and moveable between an extended position and a depending position for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle. A motor operated linear power screw type actuator is connected to the ramp for moving the ramp to an elevated position and includes an extensible tube member which is engageable with a second tube in telescoped relationship in such a way that the actuator tube may be controlled to be retracted after positioning the ramp to engage the loadbed of a vehicle so that the actuator is not subject to forces exerted by the ramp during oscillatory movement while the vehicle is being loaded or unloaded. In one alternate embodiment the actuator is connected to an intermediate link to allow the pivotal movement of the ramp without exerting damaging forces on the actuator. The lip may be extended by a toggle linkage responsive to movement of the ramp from an elevated position to a declined position in engagement with the loadbed and a latch mechanism is operable to hold the ramp in an extended position until the loadbed is engaged. Ramp support legs are retractable to allow further declining movement of the ramp and are actuatable by a spring connected to a linkage which is moveable to positions to change the direction of spring biasing forces acting to retract and extend the legs.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains to a dock leveler apparatus comprising a movable ramp disposed between a loading dock and a vehicle to be loaded or unloaded, and including mechanism for moving the ramp to a working position, minimizing rapid movement of the ramp out of a working position and for actuating and latching a hinged extension lip member of the leveler.

BACKGROUND

Dock levelers comprise, generally, hinged ramp structures which are disposed at vehicle loading docks to provide a ramp extending between a vehicle loadbed and the loading dock to facilitate movement of cargo between the dock and the vehicle and to overcome any difference in elevation between the floor of the vehicle loadbed and the dock. Several dock leveler mechanisms have been developed which provide for movement of the dock leveler from an at rest or stored position to a working position connected to a vehicle loadbed, regardless of the loadbed height relative to the loading dock and the leveler structure, at least within an expected range of heights.

Prior art actuating mechanisms for dock leveler ramps and extension lip members are somewhat complex. Moreover, due to the change in height of the vehicle loadbed with respect to the dock during loading and unloading operations, dock leveler actuating mechanisms are subject to rapid wear and unwanted damage as a result of this type of movement.

In spite of the prior development efforts regarding dock leveler mechanisms, there has been a strong felt need to provide an improved actuating mechanism for the hinged ramp type dock leveler. A need has also persisted for a suitable mechanism to minimize rapid movement of the dock leveler, particularly in a downward direction, if the vehicle being loaded is suddenly pulled away from the loading dock. Still further, there has also been a desire to provide improvements in dock leveler mechanisms which provide for extending the hinged lip at the forward edge of the main ramp to a working position, for latching the lip in a working position and for supporting the ramp in a stored position.

It is to these ends that the present invention has been developed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an improved dock leveler apparatus, including an actuator for moving the leveler to a working position.

In accordance with one important aspect of the present invention, a dock leveler apparatus is provided including a ramp which is hinged to a support and is operable to be moved between at rest and working positions by an improved actuator which may be remotely controlled and which is also operable to retract out of forcible engagement with the dock leveler ramp to alleviate damage, or wear and tear on the actuator during movement of the ramp while it is working. In particular, the improved dock leveler utilizes a motor operated linear actuator which is operable to retract an actuator member for raising the ramp out of forcible engagement with the ramp after it has moved the ramp to an inclined position which will allow the ramp to then decline to its working position. The actuator includes a mechanism which effectively prevents transfer of movement of the ramp to the actuator mechanism while the ramp is in its working position.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a dock leveler apparatus is provided which includes an improved ramp actuator and a motion damper mechanism which, in combination, provide for improved movement of the dock leveler between stored and working positions, minimize wear and tear on the actuator mechanism and minimize the chance of rapid movement of the leveler ramp downwardly from a working position in the event of movement of a vehicle out of engagement with the leveler. The leveler apparatus includes a pressure fluid cylinder and piston type damper interconnecting the moveable ramp with the leveler frame and operable to control movement of the ramp in a generally downward direction about its hinge axis as a result of the movement of a vehicle away from the loading dock and to which the leveler is connected or, as a result of action which would result in nonsupport of the ramp.

The present invention also provides a dock leveler and an improved arrangement of a linear actuator with a first counterbalance spring mounted on the actuator mechanism and a second counterbalance spring arrangement connected between the dock leveler ramp and the apparatus frame and wherein at least the second counterbalance spring is adjustable for adjusting the counterbalance force acting on the leveler ramp.

The present invention still further provides a dock leveler apparatus which includes improved mechanisms for extending a lip member hinged to the forward edge of the leveler ramp, latching the lip member in a desired position and providing for movement of ramp support legs to a retracted position in the event that it is desired to move the ramp to a working position below dock level.

Those skilled in the art will further appreciate the above-mentioned features of the invention together with other superior aspects thereof upon reading the detailed description which follows in conjunction with the drawing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dock leveler apparatus in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a section view taken generally along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a detail section view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a detail section view, similar to FIG. 3, showing an alternate embodiment of the actuator mechanism for the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a section view taken generally along line 5--5 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a detail view showing certain features of the lip extension linkage shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a view taken in the same plane as FIG. 5 showing the leveler apparatus in a working position;

FIG. 8 is a section view taken generally along line 8--8 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8A is a detail section view of the lip latch member;

FIG. 9 is a detail front elevation of the ramp showing additional features of the lip latch mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a side elevation of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showing certain features of a ramp support leg retraction mechanism;

FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10 showing the ramp support legs retracted;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a control system for the apparatus of the invention;

FIGS. 13 and 14 are side elevations of a first alternate embodiment of the dock leveler apparatus of the invention in two operating positions, respectively;

FIG. 15 is a side elevation, partially sectioned, of a second alternate embodiment of a dock leveler apparatus in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 15A is a longitudinal central section view of another embodiment of a linear actuator;

FIG. 16 is a view taken generally from the line 16--16 of FIG. 15;

FIGS. 17 through 20 are partial side elevation views of a dock leveler apparatus in accordance with the invention including a first alternate embodiment of a ramp support leg retraction mechanism;

FIG. 21 is a view taken from line 21--21 of FIG. 17;

FIG. 22 is a detail view showing an alternate position of a lost motion coupling for the leg retraction mechanism shown in FIGS. 17 through 21; and

FIGS. 23 and 24 are partial side elevations of a second alternate embodiment of a ramp support leg retraction mechanism in accordance with the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the description which follows like parts are marked throughout the specification and drawing with the same reference numerals, respectively. The drawing figures may not necessarily be to scale and certain elements may be shown in somewhat generalized or schematic form or omitted from certain ones of the drawing figures in the interest of clarity and conciseness.

Referring primarily to FIG. 1, a dock leveler apparatus in accordance with the invention is illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 20. The apparatus 20 includes a support frame 22 of generally conventional construction including a transverse, front, angle cross section member 24, two longitudinal channel shaped beams 26 extending transversely to the member 24, intermediate transverse members 28 and 30 and a rear, transverse, angle cross section member 32. Upstanding column members 34 are spaced apart and suitably welded to the transverse member 32. Suitable gussets 35 are also interposed between the inboard column members 34 and the longitudinal beam members 26, as shown, and are preferably suitably welded thereto. The column members 34 also support a ramp hinge plate 38 substantially coextensive with the frame member 32 and supporting suitable hinge means 39 for hingedly connecting a generally planar elongated deck or ramp member 40 to the frame 22. The frame 22 is adapted to be mounted in a suitable generally rectangular pit or recess 33r formed at a loading dock 33, FIG. 2, for example.

The ramp 40 is reinforced by spaced apart, longitudinal beams 42, several shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, extending between a rear face plate 44 and a front face plate 46, only a small portion of which is shown in FIG. 1. The face plate 46 extends across the front or forward edge 41 of the ramp 40 and supports spaced apart tubular hinge members 41a which cooperate with hinge members 41b secured to the rear edge 43 of a generally planar lip member 48 forming an extension of the ramp 40. An elongated hinge pin 50 extends through the tubular hinge members 41a and 41b to form a somewhat conventional hinge connection between the ramp 40 and the lip 48. Other hinge constructions may be utilized in place of that shown in the drawing figures hereof. Elongated side plates or toe guards 52 are secured to the ramp 40 along its respective side edges normal to the forward edge 41, generally as shown in FIG. 1.

Referring further to FIG. 1, and also FIG. 2, the dock leveler apparatus 20 also includes a unique actuator, generally designating by the numeral 56, for moving the ramp 40 between a substantially horizontal, at rest position and a raised position, as shown in FIG. 2, preparatory to moving the ramp to a working position, such as shown in FIG. 7. The actuator 56 is of a generally linear type and is characterized by an elongated rotatable power screw member 58, FIG. 2, which is engageable with a nut 60, secured to one end of an elongated cylindrical linearly extensible tube member 62. The screw 58 is drivenly connected to a suitable electric motor 64 which, through a gear type speed reduction drive mechanism 66, is operable to rotate the screw 58 in opposite directions to cause the actuator member 62 to linearly extend relative to a support tube 63 and to cause the ramp 40 to move about a pivot axis provided by the hinge means 39 to an extended position, generally as shown in FIG. 2. The support tube 63 is suitably connected at its lower distal end to a housing 67 for the gear reduction mechanism 66. A generally circular flange 69 is disposed about the lower end of tube 63. A third outer support tube 70 is disposed in sleeved relationship over the tube 63 and is also operably connected to the actuator extension tube member 62 in a manner to be described herein.

Referring further to FIGS. 2 and 3, the actuator support tube 70 includes a transverse head portion 74 having a boss 76 formed thereon and operable to form a pivot connection between the ramp 40 and the actuator 56 at the face plate 46, thanks to the provision of a clevis 77 and clevis pin 78, as shown in FIG. 3. A generally cylindrical flange member 80 is sleeved over the tube 70 in slidable relationship thereto and engages one end of an elongated coil compression spring 82 which is disposed between the flange 80 and the flange 69 and sleeved over the tubes 63 and 70. A transverse pin 84 extends through opposed, elongated, longitudinal slots 86 formed in the tube 70. The pin 84 is also secured to the distal end of the actuator tube member 62 so that, when this member is extended by rotation of the screw 58 in registration with the nut 60, the flange 80 will be extended toward head portion 74 of tube 70 until the pin 84 engages the upper ends of the slots 86 and causes the tube 70 to raise the ramp 40, for example. The screw 58 may be rotated in the opposite direction to retract the extensible tube member 62 in sleeved relationship within the support tube 63, compressing the spring 82 as the flange 80 moves toward the flange 69. This action leaves the tube 70 free to move in a reciprocal telescoping fashion with respect to the tube 63 if, for example, the ramp 40 is caused to move up and down about its hinge means 39. Such action by the ramp 40 may occur frequently in response to movement of a vehicle loadbed relative to dock 33, at which the apparatus 20 is disposed in a conventional manner. Accordingly, in response to rotation of the screw 58 in one direction by the motor 64, the nut 60 and extensible actuator tube member 62 is extended outward from the tube 63 until the pin 84 engages the ends of slots 86 in tube 70 and raises the ramp 40 about its hinge means 39. At any time, the actuator 56 may be reversed to cause the tube member 62 and flange 80 to retract toward the housing 66 thereby allowing the tube 70 to move in telescoping relationship over the support tube 63, at will.

By compressing the spring 82 between the flanges 69 and 80, the ramp extension tube 70 and ramp 40 are free to move downward under the weight of the ramp but controlled by a damper mechanism to be described in further detail herein. The arrangement of the pin 84 connected to the tube member 62 and slidable in the slots 86 also prevents rotation of the extension tube member 62 as it translates linearly in and out of the tube 63 in response to rotation of the screw 58. The actuator 56 is also pivotally connected to the frame 22 at the housing 66 by a suitable clevis type pivot connection 88, FIG. 2.

Referring briefly to FIG. 4, an alternate embodiment of the actuator 56 and its structure for connection to the ramp 40 is illustrated wherein the tube 70 is replaced by a tube 70a having a transverse flange 80a formed integral with or secured to the tube 70a at one end. Flange 80a includes a boss 76a forming part of a pivot connection using the clevis 77 and the clevis pin 78 in the same manner as the embodiment of FIG. 3. The actuator extension tube 62 is disposed in telescoping relationship within tube 70a and the transverse actuator pin 84 is disposed in opposed elongated slots 86a in the tube 70a . The counterbalance spring 82 is disposed in sleeved relationship around the tube 70a in substantially the same manner as the embodiment of FIG. 3. However, the spring 82 is disposed between the flanges 80a and 69 and exerts a constant upward biasing force on the ramp 40 to counterbalance the weight of the ramp regardless of the position of the extensible tube member 62.

Accordingly, in the embodiment of FIG. 4, when the actuator motor 64 is operated to rotate screw 58 and cause extension of the tube 62 the ramp 40 will be raised when the pin 84 engages the tube 70a at the outer distal ends of the slots 86a with the assistance of the force exerted by the counterbalance spring 82. When the actuator tube 62 is retracted, in response to rotating the screw 58 in the opposite direction, the tube 70a is free to telescope over the tube 63 to allow movement of the ramp 40 without imposing any damaging forces on the actuator tube member 62, the nut 60 or the screw 58. However, the biasing effort of the counterbalance spring 82 is constantly urging the ramp 40 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction, viewing FIG. 2. Moreover, as with the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the actuator arrangement of FIG. 4 allows the ramp 40 to undergo oscillatory movement during loading and unloading operations without imposing damaging forces on the linear actuator 56. Another advantage of the actuator 56 resides in mechanism provided by the screw 58 and nut 60 wherein, as the nut 60 is advanced to the distal end of the screw 58, a free wheeling effect is provided which prevents damage to the actuator once it has extended the ramp as far as it is capable of doing. A preferred type of actuator which includes this feature is available from Motion Systems Corporation, Eatontown, N.J., as one of their 85199/85200 series ball drive actuators.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, the dock leveler 20 also includes a unique arrangement of a hydraulic motion damper 92 for damping the movement of the ramp 40 about the hinge 39 in a clockwise direction, viewing FIG. 2. The damper 92 comprises a hydraulic piston and cylinder actuator mechanism including a conventional cylinder member 94 in which is slidably disposed a piston 96 dividing the cylinder into opposed chambers 94a and 94b, FIG. 2, in a conventional manner. The piston 96 is connected to an elongated extensible piston rod 98 which is connected at its distal end to the frame member 30 at a clevis type pivot connection 100. The opposite end of the actuator 92 is pivotally connected to the ramp 40 at a suitable pivot connection 102. A quantity of hydraulic fluid is charged to the cylinder 94 for transfer between the opposed chambers 94a and 94b. The damper 92 is preferably aligned with actuator 56 midway between opposite sides of the ramp 40, as shown, and disposed between actuator 56 and hinge means 39.

Fluid is transferred between chambers 94a and 94b by way of conduit means 104, FIG. 2, through a circuit including a so called velocity fuse 106 shown schematically in FIG. 2, a flow restricter 108 and a bypass check valve 110 also interposed in the circuit. The circuit is somewhat exemplary but provides means for damping the motion of the ramp 40 in a downward direction about the pivot axis formed by the hinge 39. For example, when the ramp 40 is raised by the actuator 56 fluid is transferred from chamber 94a at the piston rod end of cylinder 94 to chamber 94b at the end at which the clevis 102 is disposed, by way of the circuit just described, including the check valve 110, which is operable to open to minimize any resistance to fluid flow.

However, when fluid is urged to flow out of chamber 94b toward chamber 94a it must pass through the velocity fuse 106 and the flow restricter 108. The flow restricter 108 is normally sufficient to throttle flow of fluid out of chamber 94b to retard the motion of the damper 92 as the piston 96 telescopes into the cylinder so that the ramp 40 moves downwardly relatively slowly such as under a condition wherein the loadbed of the vehicle being loaded or unloaded moves up and down in response to changing load conditions. However, in a situation where, for example, the vehicle in engagement with the leveler 20 should suddenly move away from the loading dock 33, the weight of the ramp 40 may be such as to cause relatively rapid downward movement, even with the flow restricter 108 in the circuit provided by the conduit 104 and even though all flow is forced through the restricter 108 by closure of the check valve 110.

In such circumstance just described the velocity fuse 106 will, at a certain fluid flow rate, close to arrest movement of the ramp 40 downwardly, thus minimizing the risk of a person, persons or a vehicle on the ramp 40 from being pitched off of the ramp due to any violent or rapid downward movement. The velocity fuse 106 may, for example, comprise a closure member 106a having a biasing spring 106b which normally holds the closure member at least slightly open to allow fluid flow from chamber 94b toward chamber 94a. However, at a certain rate of fluid flow through conduit 104 fluid pressure forces acting on the closure member 106a will overcome the urging of the biasing spring 106b and cause the closure member to engage a seat 106c to totally shut off flow between the chambers 94b and 94a, as long as a sufficient pressure differential exists across the closure member. The particular configuration of the motion damper 92 is advantageous. However, a conventional automotive type suspension shock absorber may also be used as a motion damper for the ramp 40. Moreover, damper 92 may be controlled by a suitable hydraulic circuit to lock ramp 40 in a selected position.

Referring now to FIGS. 1, 5, 6 and 7, the dock leveler 20 includes a mechanism for extending the lip 48 from a depending position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, to an extended position as shown in FIG. 7 whereby the lip may be utilized to engage a loadbed 49, FIG. 7, comprising, for example, the loadbed of a trailer of a motor truck disposed at the dock 33. Accordingly, the ramp 40 and lip 48 form a pathway for transferring cargo between the dock 33 and the loadbed 49. The extension mechanism is generally designated by the numeral 110 and includes a toggle linkage including a first link 112 pivotally connected to one of the frame members 26 at a pivot connection 114. A second link 116 is pivotally connected to link 112 at a pivot connection 118 and link 116 is connected to a third link 120 which is pivotally connected to the lip 48 at a pivot connection 122 secured to a gusset 123 suitably welded to the lip 48 at one of the hinge tubes 41b, for example, as shown.

The relationship between links 116 and 120 is further illustrated in FIG. 6. The link 120 includes an elongated, generally cylindrical rod portion 121 which is adapted to be telescopically slidably disposed in the tubular link 116 and held in engagement therewith by opposed tension coil springs 125 connected to the link 120 and to the link 116 at their opposite ends, as indicated at 125a and 125b, respectively. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5, the link 112 includes a position adjustment pin 113 mounted thereon and engageable with the frame member 30 to limit the movement of the link 112 in a clockwise direction about its pivot connection 114, viewing FIG. 5. The pin 113 may comprise a threaded member such as a lockable bolt supported on a boss 113a secured to link 112 and operable to be rotated to adjust the effective length of the pin 113 and thus the pivotal position of link 112 about the pivot axis formed by the pivot connection 114.

In the position of the ramp 40 shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the ramp has been raised from a generally horizontal stored position to a position from which the ramp may be lowered into engagement with the loadbed 49, for example. As the ramp 40 is raised by the actuator 56, not shown in FIGS. 5 or 7, the lip 48 will be in a generally depending position, as shown in FIG. 5, and the extension linkage 110 will move to the position shown in FIG. 5 with the pivot connection 118 being slightly downwardly over center with respect to a straight line between pivot connections 114 and 122. If the ramp 40 is raised to a point exceeding the depending limit position of the lip 48 which the maximum length of the mechanism 110 is capable of achieving, the link 120 may telescope or extend partially out of the link 116 until the ramp is brought back to the position shown in FIG. 5. The link 120 will remain engaged with the link 116, however.

As the ramp 40 is lowered by movement in a clockwise position about the hinge 39, viewing FIG. 5, the lip extension mechanism 110 will urge the lip 48 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction about hinge 50 to move to the position shown in FIG. 7 with respect to the plane of the ramp 40. As the ramp 40 moves downwardly toward the working position shown in FIG. 7 the mechanism 110 will undergo a toggle type actuation and the pivot connection 118 will go overcenter in the opposite direction or upwardly until the links 112 and 116 assume the general position shown in FIG. 7.

Once the links 112 and 116 go over center the lip 48 may move to a depending position rather rapidly except for the provision of a latch mechanism to be described hereinbelow. However, if loadbed 49 or other structure is disposed below the distal edge 48e of the lip 48, the lip will engage such structure and assume a working position. Moreover, once a structure, such as the loadbed 49 is removed from engagement with the lip 48 it will pivot downwardly to its depending position since the mechanism 110 is not in a position to urge the lip to extend outward from the ramp 40. Bumpers 48f, FIG. 1, are operable to engage lip 48 when it swings downward as just described.

As shown in FIG. 7, for example, if loadbed 49 moves away from the lip 48 it will pivot in a clockwise direction, viewing FIG. 7, to its depending position as the link 112 moves counter-clockwise to allow link 116 to move with the movement of the lip. When the ramp 40 is subsequently raised by the actuator 56 during a new operating cycle, the linkage 112, 116 will initially move back to the position shown in FIG. 5 so that, as the ramp 40 is again lowered from the position shown in FIG. 5 toward the position shown in FIG. 7, the mechanism 110 will be effective to initially raise the lip 48 until the pivot connection goes "over center" and then allow the lip 48 to move into engagement with the loadbed 49.

In the view of FIG. 7, only the lip extension linkage 110 is shown connected to the ramp 40 and other mechanism described hereinabove and hereinbelow has been omitted in the interest of clarity. Moreover, the position of the ramp 40 and the lip 48 shown in FIG. 7 is somewhat exemplary of one of several working positions which the ramp and lip may assume when forming a path for traffic between the dock 33 and the loadbed 49.

Referring now to FIGS. 1, 8, 8A and 9, the lip 48 is operable to be latched in a position, as indicated in FIG. 8, to facilitate operation of the leveler 20 when moving to a working position. A latch mechanism including a latch member 130 is suitably secured to the lip 48 including one of its hinge members 41b, for example. The latch mechanism also includes an elongated latch bar assembly 132 which includes an elastically bendable latch bar 134 secured to the underside 40a of ramp 40 by a suitable bracket 135 and a pivot pin connection 137. The opposite end of the latch bar 134 is connected to a latch member comprising a resiliently deflectable bar 136 having a distal end 136a which is operable to be engaged with a notch 138 formed in the latch member 130. Latch member 136 is suitably secured to the latch bar 134 by a bracket 139 allowing the latch member 136 to be supported in cantilever fashion projecting through a suitable slot 46b formed in the ramp face plate 46.

As shown in FIG. 9, the latch member 136 is biased into a position to engage the latch member 130 by a lever 142 which is mounted on a pivot pin 144 secured to the face plate 46. The opposite end of the lever 142 includes a boss 146 secured to one end of flexible means, such as a chain 148, the opposite end of which is connected to a counterweight bar 150, see FIG. 8. The bar 150 is pivotally connected to the frame member 28 at a pivot connection 152 and is free to move about the pivot connection to exert the influence of its weight on the lever 142 to bias the latch bar assembly 132 in a generally upward or counter-clockwise direction, viewing FIG. 8, about the pivot connection 137 formed between the bar 132 and the bracket 135. Upward biasing movement of lever 142 may be limited by a stop 46c, FIG. 9, on face plate 46.

Referring to FIG. 8A, the latch member 136 is mounted on the bracket 139 for pivotal movement about a pivot pin 139a and is normally biased from movement in a clockwise direction by the lever 142. Moreover, the latch member 136 is limited in its movement in a counterclockwise direction with respect to bracket 139, viewing FIG. 8A, by an adjustable stop member 136b comprising a threaded fastener which is engageable with a stop boss 139b formed on bracket 139. The pivot stop formed by the members 136b and 139b allow for adjustment of the position of the latch member 136 which will provide for engagement with the latch member 130 at the notch 138. This adjustment feature is also operable to control the amount of deflection of the latch bar 134 which will result in pivotal movement of the latch member 136 to cause disengagement from the latch member 130.

When the ramp 40 and lip 48 are moved to the position shown in FIG. 8 by the actuator 56 and the lip extension mechanism 110 the counterweight 150 and chain 148 pivot the lever 142 to a position to bias the latch bar assembly 132 into a position such that any movement of the lip 48 in a clockwise direction, viewing FIG. 8, about its hinge pin 50 will cause the latch member 130 to engage the latch member 136 to hold the lip 48 in a substantially extended position, as shown in FIG. 8. This position will be maintained until one of three conditions is encountered.

For example, when a force of approximately one hundred pounds is applied to the distal edge 48e of the lip 48, resilient latch bar 134 is caused to deflect or bow upwardly, viewing FIG. 8, to cause the latch member 136 to move out of the notch 138 in latch member 130 allowing the latch member 130 to pivot over the latch member 136 and allowing the lip 48 to pivot about its hinge to a depending position.

A second condition which will cause disengagement of the latch members 130 and 136 arises when the lip 48 engages a loadbed such as the loadbed 49 in a normal working position of the lip. In this position the counterweight 150 has rotated to an at rest position on the frame 22 thereby substantially reducing any effort by the lever 142 to bias the latch bar assembly 132 in a counter-clockwise direction, viewing FIG. 8. In fact, the weight of the latch bar assembly 132 under such condition is enough to allow the latch bar to pivot downwardly out of a position which could cause member 136 to engage latch member 130. Accordingly, once a loadbed such as the loadbed 49 moves away from the lip 48 when it is in a working position, such as shown in FIG. 7, for example, the lip is free to rotate to a depending position similar to that shown in FIG. 1.

A third condition under which the latch members 130 and 136 will disengage is when the dock leveler ramp 40 pivots clockwise below the level or plane of dock 33, as indicated by the surface 33s in FIG. 1, under which circumstance the latch member 136 will engage an upstanding latch release member 158, see FIG. 1, causing deflection of the latch member 136 sufficient to disengage it from the latch member 130 in a manner similar to that described above, that is, causing the latch bar 134 to bow or deflect sufficiently to move the latch member 136 out of engagement with the latch member 130 and allowing the lip 48 to pivot to a depending position. Again, once the ramp 40 is raised by the actuator 56 and the extension mechanism 110 moves the lip 48 to an extended position the latch 136 is returned to a position such that it will engage the latch member 130 upon movement of the lip 48 in a clockwise direction, viewing FIG. 8.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the dock leveler 20 also includes two depending support legs 170 which are spaced apart from each other and pivotally supported on the ramp 40 adjacent to the legs forward edge 41. The legs 170 support the bumpers 48f, respectively, and the legs are interconnected by an elongated member 172. The legs 170 are preferably formed of channel shaped cross section members and are each supported between spaced apart depending support brackets 174 having pivot pins 176 extending therebetween and engaged with the legs 170, see FIG. 10 also. The legs 170 are engageable with respective L-shaped brackets 171, FIG. 1, suitably secured to the forward frame member 24 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 10. The brackets 171 have upstanding lip portions 171a which are operable to be disposed between the flanges of the channel shaped legs 170 and the brackets also engage leg distal ends 170a to support the ramp 40 in a position substantially coplanar with the surface 33s of the dock 33.

Referring now to FIGS. 10 and 11, the dock leveler lip 48 is shown removed from the ramp 40 in the interest of clarity and a support leg retraction mechanism is illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 180. The mechanism 180 is operable to retract the legs 170 into the position shown in FIG. 11 so that the ramp 40 may be dropped to a declined, below dock position, as shown, for operation to connect the dock leveler with a vehicle, not shown, having a low loadbed height, for example.

Referring further to FIGS. 10 and 11, each of the legs 170 includes a transverse rearwardly extending arm 182 disposed between the lower distal end 170a of the leg and pivot pin 176. A coil tension spring 184 is interconnected between distal end of arm 182 and face plate 46, as shown. An actuating link 186 is supported on the ramp 40 by a depending support member 188 secured to one of the longitudinal beams 42, as shown in FIG. 10, and supporting the link 186 for pivotal movement about a pivot axis formed by suitable pivot pin means 186a. The link 186 includes a first arm portion 186b extending on one side of the pivot pin 186a and a second arm 186c extends in the opposite direction from pivot pin 186a. A transverse depending arm portion 186d is formed at the distal end of arm 186c. A coiled tension spring 190 is secured at its opposite ends to the distal end of arm 186b and at a point adjacent distal end 170a of one of the legs 170, as shown. The link 186 is normally in the position indicated by alternate position lines in FIG. 10 whereby the spring 190 exerts insufficient force to overcome the force of springs 184 which tend to hold the legs 170 in a position which will support the ramp 40 as shown in FIG. 10.

However, the distal end of arm 186b is connected to a flexible lanyard 192 which may extend through an opening in ramp 40 and connected to a suitable member 194 disposed above the ramp and which may be grasped to pull on the link 186 to move it in a clockwise direction, viewing FIG. 10. The spring 190 is stretched as the link 186 is moved to the position shown by the solid lines in FIG. 10 and engages a stop pin 196 supported on the beam 42. In the above-described position of link 186, the spring 190 has been stretched to increase its tension sufficiently to overcome the bias of the springs 184. Under these conditions, once the ramp 40 is elevated sufficiently above the brackets 171, 171a to provide clearance for the distal end 170a of legs 170 the legs are moved to the position shown in FIG. 11 whereby the ramp 40 may be declined to the position shown in FIG. 11 to provide a path between the dock 33 and a loadbed, not shown.

When the legs 170 move to the position shown in FIG. 11, the tension in spring 190 is relaxed sufficiently to allow link 186 to move to the position shown. Also, when the ramp 40 declines to the position shown in FIG. 11 the link 186 may be rotated by engagement of distal end of arm portion 186d with a frame member 26 back to the position shown. In this position of link 186 the spring 190 exerts a reduced force acting on the legs 170. Thus, when the ramp 40 is moved upwardly, in a counterclockwise direction about hinge 39, viewing FIG. 11, the springs 184 will move the legs 170 back to the position shown in FIG. 10 with respect to the ramp 40 so that the legs may be operable to support the ramp in the position shown in FIG. 10.

Referring now to FIG. 12, there is illustrated an a.c. electrical control circuit for operating the actuator 56, including the motor 64 indicated in FIG. 12. The reversible a.c. motor 64 is in circuit with a switch 200 and a relay 202 which is controllable by a timer 204. An emergency stop switch 206 is also interposed in the circuit, as illustrated. On movement of the switch 200 to the alternate position from that shown in FIG. 12, the motor 64 is operated in the forward or raise direction of the ramp 40. When the ramp 40 is raised to a desired position, such as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, preparatory to being lowered into a position to engage a loadbed, switch 200 is moved to the position shown and the timer circuit 204 is activated. The switch 200 is normally biased in the position shown in FIG. 12 to open the circuit which drives the motor 64 in the direction to raise the ramp 40. When the actuator 201 for the switch 200 is released, the switch moves to the position shown in FIG. 12 to cause the motor 64 to be energized in the reverse direction to retract the actuator extension tube 62, FIG. 2. The switch contacts 203 are also opened which starts operation of the timer circuit 204 and after a predetermined time, say about thirty seconds, the timer circuit causes relay 202 to open to deenergize motor 64. The timer circuit 204 may be adjustable so that the time during which the relay contacts 202 are closed and the motor 64 is operated in the direction which lowers the extension tube 62 may be adjusted to assure that the actuator is sufficiently retracted to not interfere with or be damaged by movement of the ramp 40 in an oscillatory manner, for example, as previously described.

During raising of the ramp 40 to the position shown in FIG. 2 from a position such as that shown in FIG. 10, for example, the legs 170 will remain in the position of FIG. 10 unless the actuator member 186 is moved to the position shown in FIG. 10 from its alternate position shown by the alternate position lines in FIG. 10. Moreover, as the ramp 40 is raised to the position shown in FIG. 2 the lip extension linkage 110 will typically move from the position shown in FIG. 7 to the position shown in FIG. 5 so that, upon commencing to lower the ramp 40, the lip 48 will be moved in a counterclockwise direction, viewing FIG. 5, about the hinge pin 50 so that the lip may engage the loadbed 49 when the ramp 40 has been moved to the position of FIG. 7. Thanks to the toggle links 112 and 116 and the above-described latch mechanism, lip 48 will remain extended until the ramp 40 is lowered to a predetermined position and the pivot 118 moved over center from the position shown in FIG. 5 to a position similar to that shown in FIG. 7. The lip 48 will also be maintained in its extended position by the latch mechanism described above and shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 until the lip 48 engages the loadbed 49 and the counterweight 150 has come to rest to reduce tension on the chain 148.

If it is desired to retract the legs 170 prior to lowering the ramp 40 to a position such as shown in FIG. 11, the lanyard 192 is pulled to move the link 186 to the position shown in FIG. 10 so that, upon movement of the ramp 40 to a position such that the legs may clear the upstanding lips or projections 171a, the legs will then move to the position shown in FIG. 11 with respect to the ramp 40. The ramp 40 may then be lowered to a position such as that shown in FIG. 11, or any intermediate position which would otherwise be prevented by the normal working position of the legs 170 with respect to the ramp 40, as shown in FIG. 10.

Referring now to FIGS. 13 and 14, a first alternate embodiment of a dock leveler in accordance with the invention is illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 220. The dock leveler 220 includes a ramp 240 which is hinged to dock 33 at hinge means 39 for pivotal movement between working and stored positions. A lip 248 is hinged to the forward edge of the ramp 240 at hinge means including a hinge pin 50, such hinge means being substantially the same as the hinge between the lip 48 and the ramp 40 of the dock leveler 20. The dock leveler 220 is operable to be moved from a stored position to an elevated position, as shown in FIG. 13, preparatory to movement downward into a position in engagement with a load deck of a vehicle, not shown.

The ramp 240 is moved from a stored position to an elevated position shown in FIG. 13 by an actuator 256 similar to the actuator 56 and including a drive motor 64, a gear reduction drive 66 and a support tube 63 for the power screw, not shown in FIG. 13. An extensible tube member 262 is shown for the actuator 256 which is similar to the tube member 62 and is operable to be telescoped in and out of the tube 63 in response to rotation of the aforementioned screw. The distal end 262a of tube member 262 is pivotally connected to a pivot link 270 which, in turn, is pivotally connected to the deck 240 at a clevis type pivot connection 277.

When the actuator 256 is operated to extend the tube member 262 the link 270 pivots to the position shown wherein it engages an abutment 271 on the underside of deck 240. Further extension of the tube member 262 from the tube 63 will elevate the ramp 240 upwardly about the hinge means 39. Movement of the ramp 240 upwardly may be assisted by a counterbalance spring 282 secured to a wall 33a of dock 33 at one end of the spring and to a connection between two pivot links 283 and 284 which are, respectively, pivotally connected to the ramp 240 and to the dock wall 33a, as shown. The links 283 and 284 are also pivotally connected to each other at pivot means 285, as shown.

Referring to FIG. 14 the leveler 220 is shown in a working position with the lip 248 engaged with a loadbed 49. The position of the ramp 240 shown in FIG. 14 also coincides with a typical storage position for the leveler 220. In the working position shown in FIG. 14 the actuator extension tube member 262 has been retracted substantially within the tube 263 and the link 270 has moved away from the abutment 271 so that, in the event that the ramp 240, moves about its hinge 39 in response to changes in the elevation of the loadbed 49, the ramp may move without imposing undue forces on the actuator 256. Thanks to the configuration of the actuator 256 and its mounting on the pivot 88 the ramp 240 may move up and down while the link 270 and the actuator 256 merely move with respect to each other in scissors-like fashion about the pivot at distal end 262a without any undue force being imposed on the actuator mechanism 262. Accordingly, a so called lost motion coupling is provided between the actuator 256 and the ramp 240 which allows the ramp to move with respect to the actuator without imposing any damaging forces on the actuator or causing the mechanism of the actuator itself to be driven by the forces imposed thereon.

The lip 248 is provided with suitable extension linkage, such as the links 316 and 320, FIG. 13, which are pivotally connected to each other at 322. The link 320 is pivotally connected to the ramp 240 at 324 and the link 316 is pivotally connected to the lip 248 at pivot means 326. A tension coil spring 328 is connected to the link 320 and to the dock bottom wall 33b for the dock pit in which the leveler 220 is disposed. Accordingly, the dock leveler 220 also enjoys the benefits of the actuator 256 which, upon positioning the ramp 240 and the lip 248 for transporting loads across the dock leveler between the dock 33 and a loadbed 49, allows movement of the ramp 240 without imposing damaging forces on the actuator.

Referring now to FIG. 15, a second alternate embodiment of a dock leveler apparatus in accordance with the invention is illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 330. The dock leveler apparatus 330 includes a ramp 332 similar in most respects to the ramp 40 and supported on a frame 334, similar in many respects to the ramp 22, for pivotal movement about a hinge 39. The ramp 332 is connected to one end of a linear actuator 336 at a pivot connection 338. Actuator 336 includes a suitable clevis member 340 having a generally cylindrical transverse flange 342 supporting an elongated guide tube 344. An actuator abutment member 346 is disposed within the tube 344 and is contiguous with the flange 342, as illustrated. Guide tube 344 includes a transverse guide flange 348 formed at its end opposite the abutment member 346 and operable to journal an elongated actuator extension tube 350. Extension tube 350 is operably connected to a recirculating ball nut 352 which is threadedly engaged with an elongated actuator screw 354. Actuator screw 354 is adapted to be rotatably driven by a reversible electric motor 64 through a suitable right angle gear drive mechanism 66.

Actuator 336 also includes an outer guide tube 356 having a transverse bottom flange 358 and a cylindrical support member 360 extending from a housing 67 for the gear reduction drive mechanism 66 and supported thereby. An elongated coil compression counter-balance spring 361 is sleeved over guide tube 344 and extends between flanges 358 and 342 and within guide tube 356. The lower end of the actuator 336 is supported on the frame 334 at a pivot connection 88 in a manner similar to which the actuator 56 is supported on frame 22. The portion of the actuator 336 including the motor 64, the gear drive mechanism 66, the screw 354, the ball nut 352 and the extension tube 350 may also comprise a linear ball drive actuator of the 85199 series available from Motion Systems Corporation.

The actuator 336 is advantageously arranged in that the counterbalance spring 361 is journaled within the guide tube 356 and the extension tube 350 is provided with a suitable tang 351 at its distal end which fits in a cooperating slot in the abutment member 346 to prevent rotation of the extension tube 350 as the screw 354 is rotated.

Referring now to FIG. 15A, another embodiment of an actuator for the dock leveler of the present invention is illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 336a. The actuator 336a includes the reversible electric motor 64, right angle gear drive mechanism 66 and actuator extension tube 350, also operably connected to a recirculating ball nut 352 which is operably connected to an actuator screw 354, both shown disposed within extension tube 350 in FIG. 15A. Extension tube 350 is disposed within a guide tube 344a which is engaged with an abutment member 346a having a generally circular flange 342a formed thereon. A shaft member 340a is suitably connected to the flange 342a and is operable to be connected to the ramp 332 at pivot connection 338, in place of the actuator 336.

The actuator 336a also includes an outer guide tube 356a having a transverse flange 358a formed thereon and operable to retain one end of coil compression spring 361, the opposite end of the spring being engaged with flange 342a. A flanged spool member 363a is disposed within guide tube 356a at the end of the tube which is adjacent the abutment member 346a in the retracted or collapsed position of actuator 336a, shown in FIG. 15A. The spool member 363a is suitably permanently connected to the guide tube 356a, such as by welding. The end of tube 344a opposite the abutment 346a is also provided with a flange 365a, the diameter of which allows the flange to slide within the tube 356a until it engages the spool 363a. The spool 363a suitably journals the tube 344a with respect to the tube 356a and delimits axial extension of the guide tube 344a with respect to the tube 356a when the flange 365a engages the spool. In this way, if the aforementioned nut becomes disengaged from the screw on assembly or disassembly of the actuator 336a, the abutment 346a and guide tube 344a will not become disengaged from the actuator. A suitable yoke-type mounting bracket 360a is connected to the flange 358a and supports the motor 64 by a pin 88. The end of the yoke member 360a opposite the end which is attached to the flange 358a is adapted to be suitably supported on the dock leveler frame by a pivot pin, not shown in FIG. 15A. Upon assembly of the actuator 336a, the flange 365a may be suitably welded to the tube 344a and the spool 363a may be suitably welded to the tube 356a to prevent the aforementioned unintended disassembly of the actuator. In the embodiment of the actuator shown in FIG. 15A, the tubes 344a, 356a, the spool 363a and the flange 365a are preferably formed of a suitable metal which is easily weldable upon assembly of the actuator as described above.

Referring further to FIG. 15, and also FIG. 16, the dock leveler apparatus 330 includes additional counterbalance spring mechanism 362 for counterbalancing at least part of the weight of the ramp 332. The counterbalance spring mechanism 362 includes two parallel coil tension springs 364 which are connected at one end to a depending lever arm 366 connected to the ramp 332. The lever arm 366 includes opposed projections 366a, FIG. 16, and 366b for supporting adjacent ends of springs 364. The opposite ends of the springs 364 are connected to a bracket comprising a threaded nut 370 and opposed arm portions 370a and 370b which are connected directly to the ends of the springs 364 as shown.

The nut 370 is threadedly engaged with an elongated spring tension adjustment screw 372 which is supported in a bearing block 374 supported between two trunnion support members 376 and which are adapted to journal opposed trunnions 378 of the bearing block 374. The screw 372 includes a generally cylindrical bearing portion 379 journaled for rotation in the bearing block 374 and having a hex nut 380 disposed on a threaded end portion 372a of screw 372. The nut 380 is also engageable with the bearing block 374 for retaining the screw 372 in the bearing block against linear displacement toward the springs 364. Nut 380 is operable to engage a shoulder, not shown, between screw portions 372a and 379. The nut 380 may be engaged by a suitable wrench for rotating the screw 372 to effect axial translation of the nut 370 to adjust the tension in the springs 364, thereby effectively changing the counterbalance effort of the springs as regards the tendency for the ramp 332 to pivot in a clockwise direction, viewing FIG. 15, about the hinge 39.

The counterbalance spring mechanism 362 is advantageously disposed adjacent one side of the frame 334. The trunnion support members 376 are suitably mounted on a support member 26c which projects laterally from a frame beam member 26. Moreover, since the counterbalance spring mechanism 362 is arranged such that the nut 380 is disposed adjacent both a lateral side of the frame near a forward edge defined by the frame member 24 good access to the screw 372 for adjusting the tension in the counterbalance springs is provided. The overall arrangement of the actuator mechanism 336 together with the counterbalance springs 361 and 364 for the apparatus 330 is advantageous in that the power requirements for the actuator are substantially reduced while the dock leveler 330 enjoys substantially all of the benefits of the dock leveler apparatus 20, for example.

Referring now to FIG. 17, the dock leveler apparatus 20, 220 or 330 may be adapted to include an alternate embodiment of a ramp support leg retraction mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 17 through 22. By way of example, the apparatus 330 is adapted to include a support leg retraction mechanism, generally designated by the numeral 390. Only pertinent portions of the ramp 332 and the frame 334 are shown in FIGS. 17 through 20 in the interest of clarity and conciseness. Ramp 332 includes spaced apart depending support legs 392, one shown in FIGS. 17 through 21, similar to and supported in the same manner as the support legs 170 for the apparatus 20. Each support leg 392 is mounted on ramp 332 for pivotal movement about a pivot pin 394 between the position shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 and the positions shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. Each support leg 392 is prevented from moving to a retracted position by a bracket 396 similar to the bracket 171, 171a.

The support legs 392 are urged to the position shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 by a retraction mechanism pivot link or member 398 comprising a somewhat triangular shaped plate which is mounted for movement about a pivot pin 400 supported by spaced apart depending brackets 402 connected to the ramp 332, see FIG. 21 also. In the position shown in FIG. 17 the pivot member 398 is urged to move in a counterclockwise direction, viewing FIG. 17, by a tension coil spring 404 suitably connected at one end to the member 398 at a connection pin 398a and at its opposite end to a support bracket 406 mounted on ramp 332. The pivot member 398 is also connected to lost motion linkage means 408 extending between and connected to the pivot member and a support leg 392 at spaced apart connection points 398b and 392b, respectively.

Referring briefly to FIGS. 21 and 22, the lost motion linkage 408 comprises a first elongated rod 410 which has a transverse end portion 412 connected to leg 392 at connection point 392b. The opposite end of rod 410 is connected to a channel shaped bracket 414 having spaced apart flanges 416, each provided with a suitable bore therein for slidably journaling a second elongated linkage rod 418. A transverse distal end 420 of rod 418 is suitably connected to the pivot member 398 at connection point 398b, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22. Rod 418 also includes a cylindrical collar or stop member 422 supported thereon and normally fixed against movement relative to the rod 418 but being suitably adapted to be positioned at selected locations along the rod 418. Stop member 422 may include a suitable set screw 423, FIG. 21, for securing the stop member to rod 418. Stop member 422 is movable with rod 418 between the flanges 416 from the position shown in FIG. 21 to the position shown in FIG. 22, for example. Accordingly, rod 418 may move relative to rod 410 over the distance between the flanges 416 to form a lost motion connection between the pivot member 398 and the leg 392. For example, when the leg retraction mechanism 390 is in the position shown in FIG. 17 the linkage 408 is in the position shown in FIG. 21 and when the pivot member 398 has moved to the position shown in FIG. 18 the linkage 408 has assumed the position shown in FIG. 22.

Referring further to FIGS. 17 and 18, in particular, the pivot member 398 also includes a projection 399 formed thereon which, in a certain position of the pivot member, is engageable with a post member 401 extending upward from the frame 334 and supported on one of the frame members 26, for example. The pivot member 398 is also operably connected to a manual pull ring 194 by way of a rod 192a and a link 192b journalled on the pin 400. The pull ring 194 is normally disposed in a recess 333 in the ramp 332, as illustrated. In the position of the pivot member 398 shown in FIG. 17, the spring 404 urges the pivot member to pivot about the pivot pin 400 in a counterclockwise direction to cause the linkage 408 to urge the leg 392 into its upright position for supporting the ramp 332, as shown. However, when the rod 192a is pulled link 192b engages pin 398a and moves the pivot member 398 from the position shown in FIG. 17 to the position shown in FIG. 18 whereby the direction of forces exerted by spring 404 on pivot member 398 is reversed so that the pivot member 398 is now urged to move in a clockwise direction, viewing either FIGS. 17 or 18.

Pivot member 398 moves to a limit position of the lost motion linkage 408 corresponding to the position of the linkage illustrated in FIG. 22 and exerts a biasing force on leg 392 urging the leg to pivot to a retracted position, that is, in a clockwise direction about its pivot pin 394. The projections 396 and the weight of the ramp 332 exerting a downward force on the legs 392 prevent the legs from pivoting out of a ramp supporting position. However, when the ramp 332 is raised to the position shown in FIG. 19, the legs 392 are pivoted to a retracted position, as shown as the pivot member 398 is moved further in a clockwise direction about its pivot 400. In this way when the ramp 332 is lowered to the position of FIG. 20, for example, the ramp may be moved to a below dock condition as described previously for the embodiment shown in FIG. 10.

Referring further to FIG. 20, when the ramp 332 moves to the so-called below dock position shown, the projection 399 engages the distal end of post 401 to cause the pivot member 398 to move back to a position wherein the spring 404 now, again, urges the pivot member 398 to move in a counterclockwise direction, viewing FIG. 20, about its pivot pin 400. Linkage 408 moves back to the position shown in FIG. 21 and the spring 404 exerts a force through pivot member 398 and linkage 408 on leg 392 urging the leg to assume its upright support position. Accordingly, when the ramp 332 is moved upward to a position slightly above the position shown in FIG. 17, the legs 392 are pivoted back to the ramp support position whereby the ramp may then be lowered back to the position shown in FIG. 17 with the cross traffic legs in their working support position of the ramp. One advantageous aspect of the leg retraction mechanism 390 is that only one spring is required for moving the cross traffic support leg or legs 392 between their working position and a retracted position.

Referring now to FIGS. 23 and 24, another embodiment of a support leg retraction mechanism as illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 514. The support leg retraction mechanism 514 includes a first pivot member 516 connected to the ramp 332 at a pivot pin connection 518 for movement in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, viewing FIGS. 23 and 24, respectively. The pivot member 516 is provided with a pin 520 supported thereon and projecting laterally therefrom between the pivot pin 518 and a distal end 516a. A coil tension spring 522 is connected at one end to the member 516, preferably at the pin 520, and the opposite end of the spring 522 is connected to the ramp 332 at a connection point 522a. A lateral projection 524 is supported on the member 516 spaced from the pivot pin 518 but between the pin 518 and the pin 520.

The leg retraction mechanism 514 also includes an elongated link 526 pivotally connected by a pivot pin 528 to one of the legs 392 at one end of the link. Link 526 also includes, adjacent its opposite end, an elongated slot 530 which receives the pin 520 to form a lost motion connection between the member or link 516 and link 526.

Viewing FIGS. 23 and 24, it will be noted that, in the position of the links 516 and 526 shown in FIG. 23, the spring 522 urges the link 516 to move in a counterclockwise direction, viewing the drawing figure, about pivot pin 518 and thus forces the pin 520 into engagement with the link 526 at one end of the slot 530 urging the link 526 to move the ramp support leg 392 into the position shown in supportive relationship to the ramp 332. However, in response to moving the link 516 from the position shown in FIG. 23 to the position shown in FIG. 24 the pin 520 is moved to the opposite end of slot 530 and, upon raising the ramp to a position where the legs 392 clear the brackets 396, the spring 522, which has moved "over center" with respect to the pivot pin 518, now urges the link 516 to move in a clockwise direction about the pivot pin 518 to retract the leg to the position shown in FIG. 24. The ramp 332 may then be moved to a below dock level position similar to the position shown in FIG. 20.

When the ramp 332 is moved to the below dock level position, such as shown for the previous embodiment of retraction mechanism in FIG. 20, the projection 524 is operable to engage the distal end of post 401 to move the link 516 back to a position wherein the spring 522 again urges the link 516 to move in a counter-clockwise direction thus urging the link 526 and the legs 392 to move back to the ramp supporting position of the legs. Thus, the leg retraction mechanism 514 operates in a manner similar to the leg retraction mechanism 390 and requires only one spring for urging the ramp support legs to be in a working position and a retracted position, depending on the position of link 516.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate, viewing FIGS. 23 and 24, that the positions of the links 516, 526, the projection 524, the spring 522 and the post 401 may be arranged such that the movement of these members between their working positions may be accomplished by predetermined proportions of these elements and their positions on the ramp 332 and the frame 334.

It is believed that the embodiments of the dock leveler described hereinabove may be constructed and operated by one skilled in the art based on the description herein. The dock levelers 20, 220 and 330 and the mechanisms described herein may be constructed using conventional engineering materials for such apparatus and the operation of each embodiment, including the embodiments of the linear actuators and the leg retraction mechanisms, is believed to be understandable to those of ordinary skill in the art based on the foregoing description.

Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein, those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the invention may be practiced with various substitutions and modifications without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for permitting pivotal movement of said ramp in opposite directions between a generally horizontal storage position and an elevated position about said hinge means; an electric actuator operably connected to said ramp and including a drive motor; a rotatable member drivenly connected to said drive motor; a linearly extensible member engaged with said rotatable member and operable to move between extended and retracted positions with respect to said rotatable member in response to rotation of said rotatable member for moving said ramp to an elevated position, said linearly extensible member being retractable with respect to said ramp; and a member operably engaged with said linearly extensible member and operable to permit retraction of said linearly extensible member when said ramp engages a loadbed without imposing driving forces on said drive motor when said ramp is engaged with said loadbed.
 2. The dock leveler set forth in claim 1 wherein: said rotatable member comprises a screw member and said linearly extensible member includes a nut threadedly engaged with said screw member.
 3. The dock leveler set forth in claim 2 wherein:said linearly extensible member comprises an elongated tube connected to said nut and operable to be linearly extended relative to said screw member for pivotally moving said ramp about said hinge means, and said member operably engaged with said linearly extensible member includes a tubular member connected to said ramp and disposed in telescoping relationship with said linearly extensible member.
 4. The dock leveler set forth in claim 2 wherein:said nut and said screw member include means to provide for free wheeling said nut in response to moving said ramp to a predetermined position.
 5. The dock leveler set forth in claim 1 including:control means for operating said drive motor, said control means including switch means for energizing said drive motor to extend said linearly extensible member to move said ramp to an elevated position, and for reversing the direction of operation of said drive motor to retract said linearly extensible member.
 6. The dock leveler set forth in claim 5 wherein:said control means includes a timer circuit operable to cause said drive motor to operate in said reverse direction for a predetermined period of time upon actuation of said switch means.
 7. The dock leveler set forth in claim 1 wherein:said member operably engaged with said linearly extensible member includes a link pivotally connected to said linearly extensible member.
 8. The dock leveler set forth in claim 1 wherein:said member operably engaged with said linearly extensible member comprises a first guide tube connected to said ramp and disposed in sleeved relationship around said linearly extensible member.
 9. The dock leveler set forth in claim 8 including:a second guide tube connected to said actuator and disposed in sleeved relationship around said screw member and said first guide tube.
 10. The dock leveler set forth in claim 9 including:a counterbalance spring disposed in sleeved relationship around one of said guide tubes and interposed between said drive motor and said ramp for urging said ramp to move to an elevated position, and means for retaining said guide tubes engaged with each other.
 11. The dock leveler set forth in claim 1 including:counterbalance spring means disposed on said dock leveler for urging said ramp to move to an elevated position.
 12. The dock leveler set forth in claim 11 wherein:said spring means is disposed in sleeved relationship around said actuator and is interposed between part of said actuator and said ramp.
 13. The dock leveler set forth in claim 12 wherein:said spring means is engaged with said member operably engaged with said linearly extensible member for urging said ramp to move to an elevated position.
 14. The dock leveler set forth in claim 1 wherein:said actuator is pivotally connected to said ramp and to a frame for said dock leveler.
 15. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp between a storage position and a working position, said ramp having a transverse front edge; a lip member pivotally connected to said front edge of said ramp and movable between an extended position to form part of said path and a depending position; and a latch mechanism operable to latch said lip member in said extended position, said latch mechanism including a first latch member supported on said ramp and a second latch member disposed on said lip member, said first latch member including an elastically deflectable support member operable to cause said first latch member to move out of engagement with said second latch member to allow said lip member to move to said depending position.
 16. The dock leveler set forth in claim 15 wherein:said latch mechanism further includes means for biasing said first latch member into engagement with said second latch member and responsive to movement of said ramp to a declined position to reduce a bias force acting on said first latch member.
 17. The dock leveler set forth in claim 16 wherein:said biasing means includes a counterweight and means interconnecting said counterweight with a biasing member for engagement with said first latch member, said counterweight being responsive to movement of said ramp to a declined position to reduce a force acting on said biasing member for urging said first latch member to a position for engagement with said second latch member.
 18. The dock leveler set forth in claim 17 wherein:said first latch member is mounted for pivotal movement on and with respect to said elastically deflectable support member and said first latch member includes means for adjusting a limit pivot position of said first latch member with respect to said elastically deflectable support member in at least one direction for adjusting the position of said first latch member at which it is engageable with said second latch member.
 19. The dock leveler set forth in claim 15 including:a member engageable with said first latch member for causing first latch member to disengage from said second latch member in response to movement of said ramp to a declined position with respect to said dock.
 20. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp between a storage position and a working position; spaced apart support legs connected to said ramp by pivot means and operable to support said ramp in a predetermined position, said support legs being movable to a retracted position to permit movement of said ramp to a declined position with respect to said dock; and mechanism for biasing said support legs toward said retracted position comprising first biasing means operably connected to at least one of said support legs between said pivot means and a distal end of said one support leg and to said ramp for biasing said support legs in a first position for supporting said ramp, a link pivotally mounted on said ramp and second biasing means operably connected to said link and to at least one of said support legs between said pivot means and a distal end of said one support leg, said link being movable to a position to cause said second biasing means to exert a force on said support legs which overcomes a biasing force exerted by said first biasing means to move said support legs to a retracted position.
 21. The dock leveler set forth in claim 20 wherein:said link is connected to actuating means for moving said link to said position to cause said second biasing means to exert said force on said support legs overcoming the biasing force of said first biasing means.
 22. The dock leveler set forth in claim 21 wherein:said link is operable when said ramp is moved to a declined position to move to a position to reduce said force exerted on said support legs by said second biasing means whereby said first biasing means is operable to move said support legs to a position for supporting said ramp.
 23. The dock leveler set forth in claim 21 wherein:said link is supported on said ramp by pivot means and said link includes a first arm extending in one direction from said pivot means and connected to one end of said second biasing means; and said link includes a second arm extending generally in the opposite direction from said pivot means and including a portion operable upon movement of said ramp to a declining position to move said link to said position to reduce said force exerted on said support legs by said second biasing means.
 24. The dock leveler set forth in claim 20 wherein:said first biasing means and said second biasing means comprise tension coil springs, respectively.
 25. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp from a generally horizontal storage position to an elevated position about said hinge means; and an actuator operably connected to said ramp and including a drive motor for causing said ramp to move to an elevated position, said actuator including a linearly extensible member comprising an elongated tube connected to a nut, said nut being threadedly engaged with a screw drivenly connected to said drive motor, said linearly extensible member being operable to be linearly extended relative to said drive motor for pivotally moving said ramp about said hinge means and a member intermediate said linearly extensible member and said ramp including a tubular member connected to said ramp and disposed in telescoping sleeved relationship with said linearly extensible member, said linearly extensible member includes pin means disposed adjacent one end thereof and slidable in cooperating slot means formed on said tubular member, said pin means being operable to urge said tubular member and said ramp to move from a retracted position to an elevated position in response to movement of said linearly extensible member, and said actuator is operable to retract said linearly extensible member to a position such that said tubular member may move in telescoping relationship to said linearly extensible member to permit movement of said ramp relative to said actuator without imposing actuator driving forces on said linearly extensible member.
 26. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp from a generally horizontal storage position to an elevated position about said hinge means; an actuator operably connected to said ramp and including a drive motor for causing said ramp to move to an elevated position, said actuator including a member interposed between said drive motor and said ramp and operable to permit movement of said ramp relative to said actuator; and counterbalance spring means disposed on said dock leveler for urging said ramp to move to an elevated position, said counterbalance spring means comprising at least one spring connected at one end to said ramp and connected at an opposite end to spring adjustment means, said spring adjustment means comprising a bracket connected to said other end of said spring, a nut on said bracket threadedly engaged with an elongated screw mounted on said dock leveler, and disposed for rotation to cause said bracket to adjust a working position of said spring, and means for rotating said screw to adjust said position of said bracket and said spring.
 27. The dock leveler set forth in claim 26 including:a support member for said screw, said support member comprising trunnion means engageable with trunnion support means on said dock leveler to provide for adjusting the working position of said screw and said spring.
 28. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp from a generally horizontal storage position to an elevated position about said hinge means; an actuator operably connected to said ramp and including a drive motor for causing said ramp to move to an elevated position, said actuator including a member interposed between said drive motor and said ramp and operable to permit movement of said ramp relative to said actuator; and damper means connected to said ramp and operable to retard pivotal movement of said ramp from an elevated position to a declined position.
 29. The dock leveler set forth in claim 28 wherein:said damper means comprises a pressure fluid cylinder actuator interconnected between said ramp and support means for said ramp and having opposed fluid chambers formed therein, pressure fluid conduit means interconnecting said chambers, and a flow restricter interposed in said conduit means for throttling the flow of fluid between said chambers to retard the movement of said actuator in response to pivotal movement of said ramp to a declined position.
 30. The dock leveler set forth in claim 29 including:flow control means interposed in said conduit means and responsive to a predetermined flow rate of fluid transferring from one chamber to the other to shut of f fluid flow through said conduit means and arrest movement of said ramp toward a declined position.
 31. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp from a generally horizontal storage position to an elevated position about said hinge means; an actuator operably connected to said ramp and including a drive motor for causing said ramp to move to an elevated position, said actuator including a member interposed between said drive motor and said ramp and operable to permit movement of said ramp relative to said actuator; a lip pivotally connected to a distal edge of said ramp and moveable between an extended position to form part of said path and a depending position; and lip extension means operable in response to movement of said ramp from an elevated position to a declined position to rotate said lip from said depending position to said extended position, said extension means including a linkage interconnecting said lip and support means for said ramp, said linkage being operable to be in a first position to cause said lip to pivot to an extended position in response to declining movement of said ramp and at a predetermined declined position of said ramp causing said lip to move toward said depending position, and said linkage including a link connected to said lip and including a first member and a second member operable to move in telescoping relationship to each other to permit said lip to move relative to said link.
 32. The dock leveler set forth in claim 31 wherein:said linkage includes a member for adjusting a first over center position of said linkage, said first over center position being operable to cause said lip to move to an extended position in response to movement of said ramp toward a declined position.
 33. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp from a generally horizontal storage position to an elevated position about said hinge means; and an actuator operably connected to said ramp and including a drive motor for causing said ramp to move to an elevated position, said actuator including a member interposed between said drive motor and said ramp and operable to permit movement of said ramp relative to said actuator; a lip member pivotally connected to a distal edge of said ramp and moveable between an extended position to form part of said path and a depending position; lip extension means operable in response to movement of said ramp from an elevated position to a declined position to rotate said lip member from said depending position to said extended position, said extension means including a linkage interconnecting said lip member and support means for said ramp, said linkage being operable to be in a first position to cause said lip member to pivot to an extended position in response to declining movement of said ramp and at a predetermined declined position of said ramp causing said lip member to move toward said depending position; and a latch mechanism operable to latch said lip member in said extended position in response to movement of said lip member to said extended position, said latch mechanism including a first latch member mounted on said ramp and a second latch member mounted on said lip member, said first latch member including an elastically deflectable support member permitting said first latch member to deflect out of engagement with said second latch member to allow said lip member to move from an extended position to a depending position.
 34. The dock leveler set forth in claim 33 wherein:said latch mechanism includes means for biasing said first latch member into engagement with said second latch member, said means for biasing being responsive to movement of said ramp to a declined position to reduce a bias force acting on said first latch member.
 35. The dock leveler set forth in claim 34 wherein:said biasing means includes a counterweight mounted on said support means and means interconnecting said counterweight with a biasing member for engagement with said first latch member, said counterweight being responsive to movement of said ramp to a declined position to reduce a force acting on said biasing member for urging said first latch member to a position for engagement with said second latch member.
 36. The dock leveler set forth in claim 33 wherein:said first latch member is mounted for pivotal movement with respect to said elastically deflectable support member and said first latch member includes means for adjusting a limit pivot position of said first latch member with respect to said support member in at least one direction for adjusting the position of said first latch member at which it is engageable with said second latch member.
 37. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween, including:a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp from a generally horizontal storage position to an elevated position about said hinge means; an actuator operably connected to said ramp and including a drive motor for causing said ramp to move to an elevated position, said actuator including a member interposed between said drive motor and said ramp and operable to permit movement of said ramp relative to said actuator; support leg means connected to said ramp by pivot means and operable to support said ramp in a predetermined position, and; mechanism for biasing said support leg means to pivot to a retracted position to permit said ramp to move to a declined position comprising first spring means connected to said support leg means between said pivot means and a distal end of said support leg means and to said ramp for biasing said support leg means in a first position for supporting said ramp, and a link pivotally mounted on said ramp and connected to said support leg means by second spring means, said link being movable to a position to cause said second spring means to exert a force on said support leg means overcoming a biasing force of said first spring means to move said support leg means to a retracted position.
 38. The dock leveler set forth in claim 37 wherein:said link is connected to actuating means for moving said link to said position to increase a force exerted by said second spring means on said support leg means.
 39. The dock leveler set forth in claim 38 wherein:said link is operable when said ramp is moved to a declined position to move to a position to reduce a force exerted on said support leg means by said second spring means whereby said first spring means is operable to move said support leg means to a position for supporting said ramp in said predetermined position.
 40. In a dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween;a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp between a storage position and a working position; support leg means connected to said ramp by pivot means and operable to support said ramp in a predetermined position, said support leg means being movable to a retracted position to permit movement of said ramp to a declined position with respect to said dock; and means for biasing said support leg means in a working position to support said ramp and for biasing said support leg means in a retracted position, said means for biasing including a linkage and spring means connected to said linkage and operable to cause said linkage to urge said support leg means in both of said positions, depending on a predetermined position of said linkage, said linkage including a pivot link mounted for pivotal movement on said ramp and a lost motion linkage connected to said pivot link and said support leg means and operable to move said support leg means to said positions depending on a position of said pivot link, said lost motion linkage including a first member connected to said support leg means, a second member connected to said pivot link and a support bracket connected to one of said first and second members and operable to provide for limited sliding movement of said first and second members relative to each other.
 41. The invention set forth in claim 40 wherein:the other of said first and second members includes a stop member supported thereon and engageable with said bracket at two limit positions of movement of said first and second members relative to each other.
 42. The invention set forth in claim 41 wherein:said stop member includes means for adjusting the position of said stop member on said other member.
 43. In a dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a load bed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween;a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp between a storage position and a working position; support leg means connected to said ramp by pivot means and operable to support said ramp in a predetermined position, said support leg means being movable to a retracted position to permit movement of said ramp to a declined position with respect to said dock; and means for biasing said support leg means in a working position to support said ramp and for biasing said support leg means in a retracted position, said means including a linkage and spring means connected to said linkage and operable to cause said linkage to urge said support leg means in both of said positions, depending on a predetermined position of said linkage, said linkage including a pivot link mounted for pivotal movement on said ramp and a lost motion linkage connected to said pivot link and said support leg means and operable to move said support leg means to said positions depending on a position of said pivot link, said lost motion linkage including an elongated link pivotally connected to said support leg means and including an elongated slot form therein and said pivot link includes pin means extending into said slot and operable to move between two limit positions in said slot.
 44. In a dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a load bed of a vehicle for transferring cargo therebetween;a generally planar ramp including hinge means for pivotally moving said ramp between a storage position and a working position; support leg means connected to said ramp by pivot means and operable to support said ramp in a predetermined position, said support leg means being movable to a retracted position to permit movement of said ramp to a declined position with respect to said dock; and means for biasing said support leg means in a working position to support said ramp and for biasing said support leg means in a retracted position, said means including a linkage and spring means connected to said linkage and operable to cause said linkage to urge said support leg means in both of said positions, depending on a predetermined position of said linkage, said linkage including a pivot link mounted for pivotal movement on said ramp and a lost motion linkage connected to said pivot link and said support leg means and operable to move said support leg means to said positions depending on a position of said pivot link, and means operably connected to said pivot link and engageable with means on said dock leveler for causing said pivot link to move to a position to urge said support leg means to a position for supporting said ramp in response to movement of said ramp to a declined position with respect to said dock.
 45. A dock leveler comprising:a ramp supported for movement between a storage position and a working position and including a part operable to engage a vehicle loadbed; an actuator connected to said ramp and including a motor drivingly connected to a rotatable screw member; a nut member operably connected to said screw member; a linearly extensible and retractable member engaged with said nut member and operable upon rotation of said screw member in one direction to be extended for moving said ramp toward said working position, said linearly extensible member being responsive to rotation of said screw member in another direction to retract without moving said ramp when said ramp is engaged with a vehicle loadbed; and a tubular member disposed in telescoping sleeved relationship with said linearly extensible member and operably engaged with said linearly extensible member to allow movement of said ramp upon retraction of said linearly extensible member.
 46. The dock leveler set forth in claim 45 including:a control circuit operably connected to said motor including first switch means for causing said actuator to move said ramp toward said working position and second switch means for causing said actuator to retract said linearly extensible member; and a timer for de-energizing said motor on retraction of said linearly extensible member.
 47. A dock leveler comprising:a ramp supported for movement between a storage position and an elevated position; an actuator connected to said ramp and including a motor operably connected to a linearly extensible and retractable member for moving said ramp to said elevated position; and a control circuit for operating said motor to extend said linearly extensible member to move said ramp to said elevated position and for operating said motor to retract said linearly extensible member, said control circuit including a timer operable to effect de-energizing said motor on retraction of said linearly extensible member, a switch including an actuating member for said switch, said switch being movable to a first position by said actuating member to operate said motor to extend said linearly extensible member to move said ramp toward said elevated position, and, upon release of said actuating member, move to a second position to cause said motor to operate to retract said linearly extensible member, the movement of said switch to a second position being effective to cause said timer to de-energize said motor after a predetermined time period commencing with movement of said switch to said second position.
 48. A dock leveler comprising:a ramp supported for movement between a storage position and an elevated position; an actuator for moving said ramp to said elevated position including a motor drivingly connected to a rotatable screw member, a nut threadedly engaged with said screw member and connected to a linearly extensible member, said nut and said linearly extensible member being responsive to rotation of said screw member for effecting movement of said ramp toward an elevated position, said linearly extensible member being retractable without moving said ramp; a first guide tube disposed in supportive relationship with said linearly extensible member; and a second guide tube, said second guide tube and said first guide tube being disposed in telescoping sleeved relationship with respect to each other and forming a connection between said actuator and said ramp when said linearly extensible member is in a retracted position.
 49. The dock leveler set forth in claim 48 including:a counterbalance spring disposed in sleeved relationship around at least one of said guide tubes and urging said guide tubes to move relative to each other.
 50. The dock leveler set forth in claim 49 wherein:said guide tubes include cooperating surfaces formed thereon, respectively, for limiting the telescoping movement of said guide tubes relative to each other under the urging of said counterbalance spring.
 51. A dock leveler for forming a path between a loading dock and a loadbed of a vehicle, comprising:a generally planar ramp member disposed for movement between a storage position and a position for engagement with a vehicle loadbed; an actuator connected to said ramp member and including an electric drive motor drivingly connected to an elongated rotatable screw member, a nut member threadedly engaged with said screw member, a linearly extensible member connected to said nut member and responsive to rotation of said screw member in one direction to move said ramp, said linearly extensible member being responsive to rotation of said screw member in another direction to move to a position to allow floating motion of said ramp in opposite directions in response to movement of said loadbed, and a member operably engaged with said linearly extensible member and operable to allow said ramp to undergo said floating motion when said linearly extensible member is in said position without imposing driving forces on said motor through said nut member and said screw member; and a control circuit for causing said motor to rotate said screw member.
 52. The dock leveler set forth in claim 51 wherein:said member operably engaged with said linearly extensible member comprises an elongated guide tube operable to receive said linearly extensible member in telescoping relationship therein.
 53. The dock leveler set forth in claim 52 wherein:said actuator includes a counterbalance spring disposed in sleeved relationship over said guide tube for biasing said ramp toward an elevated position.
 54. The dock leveler set forth in claim 53 wherein:said linearly extensible member is operably engaged with said guide tube by a cooperable pin member to prevent rotation of said linearly extensible member and said nut relative to said guide tube. 